COOK ISLANDS 2026
27 May
Field Guide
  1. 01
    09:17 Cook's Landing lower reef frameworkBrain coral in the lower reef unit is overgrown by encrusters and branching corals, then buried by reef rubble and sand at Oravaru/Cook's Landing.

    Raw transcript

    The first stop is at Cook's Landing or Oravari Beach. Woodruff has noted that there are sheets of sand that sit on top of in situ reef here so we're starting to look for that. I'm just sort of observing the lower reef unit right now and there's really really beautiful example of brain coral that then gets colonized by an encruster that then has a branching coral growing out of the encrusting coral and more branching corals to the side and then it all gets covered sort of in reef rubble and sand and you've got to take a few photographs.

    Whisper fixes

    The first stop is at Cook's Landing or Oravari Beach. Removed: Woodruff Added: Woodroffe has noted that there are sheets of sand that sit on top of in situ reef here so we're starting to look for that. I'm just sort of observing the lower reef unit right now and there's really really beautiful example of brain coral that then gets colonized by an encruster that then has a branching coral growing out of the encrusting coral and more branching corals to the side and then it all gets covered sort of in reef rubble and sand and you've got to take a few photographs.

    Added words Removed words

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/037_20260527_0917_may_27_at_9-17_am_4f55c9e5.txt

    09:15 Olympus TG-5
    09:15 Olympus TG-5
    09:16 Olympus TG-5
  2. 02
    09:22 Coarse angular algal sand pocketsPatchy pockets of coarse angular sand and platy grains fill reef-top relief rather than forming a continuous bed.

    Raw transcript

    The pockets are layers full of sand and plasts. They're not continuous horizontally, sort of at one stratigraphic horizon. They seem to be patches. And the sand itself is quite coarse and very angular. A lot of flat sort of tabular pieces of sand that I'm kind of assuming are actually like algal fronds or some kind of algal blades. It may be a little under a millimeter thick and two or three millimeters long.

    Whisper fixes

    The pockets are layers full of sand and plasts. They're not continuous horizontally, sort of at one stratigraphic horizon. They seem to be patches. And the sand itself is quite coarse and very angular. A lot of flat sort of tabular pieces of sand that I'm kind of assuming are actually like algal fronds or some kind of algal blades. It may be a little under a millimeter thick and two or three millimeters long.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/036_20260527_0922_may_27_at_9-22_am_59518a6d.txt

    09:22 Olympus TG-5
    09:22 Olympus TG-5
  3. 03
    09:27 Cross-bedded sand lensBoulders sit on the reef flat in front of Cook's Landing

    Raw transcript

    The coarse sand sheets do show some evidence of ripples. We have cross beds and sort of tabular sets of 10-15 centimeters. Sort of sitting in a lens. Not a lot of cross bedding, but in some places it sort of sticks out.

    Whisper fixes

    The coarse sand sheets do show some evidence of ripples. We have cross beds and sort of tabular sets of 10-15 centimeters. Sort of sitting in a lens. Not a lot of cross bedding, but in some places it sort of sticks out.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/035_20260527_0927_may_27_at_9-27_am_f645cad9.txt

    09:26 Olympus TG-5
    09:27 Olympus TG-5
  4. 04
    09:29 Transported branching coralsPocket beaches persist behind the low seaward edge of the Cook's landing outcrop. Were they ancient topographic lows, or are they modern erosional features?

    Raw transcript

    It does seem like the branching corals can get transported in whatever environment this is without breaking up too much. Just took a photo of two that appeared to be upside down floating in a sea of sand.

    Whisper fixes

    It does seem like the branching corals can get transported in whatever environment this is without breaking up too much. Just took a photo of two that appeared to be upside down floating in a sea of sand.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/034_20260527_0929_may_27_at_9-29_am_db17294b.txt

    09:28 Olympus TG-5
    09:30 Olympus TG-5
  5. 05
    09:41 Framework relief buried by sandAn undulating coral framework surface is draped and infilled by coarse, locally cross-bedded sand capped by a more massive sand block.

    Raw transcript

    Stepping back from maybe 20 meters from the wall, you'll get a nice perspective of this sort of undulating framework reef surface that then gets covered in this really coarse and sometimes cross-bedded sand. There are even like little pockets for the sand sort of filling in the topography of the coral reef. And in those pockets you see more cross-bedded and then you go up into this maybe one and a half meter thick block of sand that's kind of sitting as one sort of table, not a lot of cross-bed, it's quite massive.

    Whisper fixes

    Stepping back from maybe 20 meters from the wall, you'll get a nice perspective of this sort of undulating framework reef surface that then gets covered in this really coarse and sometimes cross-bedded sand. There are even like little pockets for the sand sort of filling in the topography of the coral reef. And in those pockets you see more cross-bedded and then you go up into this maybe one and a half meter thick block of sand that's kind of sitting as one sort of table, not a lot of cross-bed, it's quite massive.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/033_20260527_0941_may_27_at_9-41_am_907b2a9b.txt

    09:41 Olympus TG-5
  6. 06
    09:42 Sand drape on reef reliefPhoto documents about 1 m of positive reef topography with sand draping and onlapping both sides.

    Raw transcript

    Just snapped a photograph of that relationship I was just describing but up close where you can see almost a meter of positive topography on the reef and the sand is sort of draping and unlapping it on both sides.

    Whisper fixes

    Just snapped a photograph of that relationship I was just describing but up close where you can see almost a meter of positive topography on the reef and the sand is sort of draping and unlapping it on both sides.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/032_20260527_0942_may_27_at_9-42_am_d728a6ee.txt

    09:42 Olympus TG-5
  7. 07
    09:45 Coral recolonization hardgroundLarge stony and branching/pipe-form corals appear to recolonize a sand surface after encrusters stabilize it as hardground.

    Raw transcript

    It's clear towards the top of this sand layer that corals re-colonize the surface. I just took a picture of some massive 1 to 2 meter large stony corals, even with some sort of branching and pipe morphs on top. What are they sitting on? They seem to be sitting right on that sand surface of that bridge. So, the possible interpretation is that somewhere in sort of a low point on the reef, where you dump a bunch of sand, maybe on a cyclone, it gets colonized first by encrusters that make a hard ground, and then the corals come in after and we establish the surface.

    Whisper fixes

    It's clear towards the top of this sand layer that corals re-colonize the surface. I just took a picture of some massive 1 to 2 meter large stony corals, even with some sort of branching and pipe morphs on top. What are they sitting on? They seem to be sitting right on that sand surface of that bridge. So, the possible interpretation is that somewhere in sort of a low point on the reef, where you dump a bunch of sand, maybe on a cyclone, it gets colonized first by encrusters that make a hard ground, and then the corals come in after and we establish the surface.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/031_20260527_0945_may_27_at_9-45_am_acee6e7a.txt

    09:44 Olympus TG-5
  8. 08
    09:56 Sand layer persists inlandThe coral rubble and sand layer continues into the jungle away from the coast, though weathering makes the facies harder to read.

    Raw transcript

    The coral rubble and sand layer persists well into the jungle away from the coast. It doesn't weather as nicely, but it seems like the same environment.

    Whisper fixes

    The coral rubble and sand layer persists well into the jungle away from the coast. It doesn't weather as nicely, but it seems like the same environment.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/030_20260527_0956_may_27_at_9-56_am_bdcd4034.txt

    09:54 Olympus TG-5
    09:56 Olympus TG-5
  9. 09
    10:02 Northward Cook's Landing reconnaissanceWalked north to another beach and found no better exposure than Cook's Landing, so work focused back at the main outcrop and harbor.

    Raw transcript

    I walk north to another beach. It's unclear. I didn't see anything distinct from where we were at Cook's Landing and Cook's Landing at the best outcrop. So we'll probably work over there and maybe skip from there back up to the harbor later today.

    Whisper fixes

    I walk north to another beach. It's unclear. I didn't see anything distinct from where we were at Cook's Landing and Cook's Landing at the best outcrop. So we'll probably work over there and maybe skip from there back up to the harbor later today.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/029_20260527_1002_may_27_at_10-02_am_5916cd58.txt

    10:02 Olympus TG-5
    10:02 Olympus TG-5
  10. 10
    10:08 HS103 Cook's Landing section summaryLower few meters are diverse growth-position reef framework, overlain by cross-bedded coarse sand, coral clasts, breccia blocks, and later growth-position corals within the sand sheet.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 Cook's Landing summary observations. The lower few meters is mostly a coral reef framework, high diversity similar to what we've seen at other sites, lots of stony corals and branching corals and brain corals. The top of that surface has a considerable amount of topography with growth position corals on the top surface and then get buried in a sometimes massive, sometimes cross-bedded coarse and angular sandstone with increasing amounts of coral clasts and breccia blocks as you work your way up. So it's quite sandy right on the contact and then it becomes more coral filled upwards. After about a meter and a half or two meters you start to get growth position corals within the matrix of that sand sheet. So it's sort of hard to imagine what that environment is. Maybe it's a little bit more like a lagoon where the corals are able to establish themselves on a hard ground around the sand and then they grow for as long as they can before they get buried again. There's still a lot of sand laterally from these growth position corals. There's no obvious top to the section walking up into the woods. It seems like a lot of the same stuff as far as we can see up to the elevation of the road. No clear change in context.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 Cook's Landing summary observations. The lower few meters is mostly a coral reef framework, high diversity similar to what we've seen at other sites, lots of stony corals and branching corals and brain corals. The top of that surface has a considerable amount of topography with growth position corals on the top surface and then get buried in a sometimes massive, sometimes cross-bedded coarse and angular sandstone with increasing amounts of coral clasts and breccia blocks as you work your way up. So it's quite sandy right on the contact and then it becomes more coral filled upwards. After about a meter and a half or two meters you start to get growth position corals within the matrix of that sand sheet. So it's sort of hard to imagine what that environment is. Maybe it's a little bit more like a lagoon where the corals are able to establish themselves on a hard ground around the sand and then they grow for as long as they can before they get buried again. There's still a lot of sand laterally from these growth position corals. There's no obvious top to the section walking up into the woods. It seems like a lot of the same stuff as far as we can see up to the elevation of the road. No clear change in context.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/028_20260527_1008_may_27_at_10-08_am_9b4bf166.txt

  11. 11
    10:18 Reef-flat edge interpretationRugged coastal topography gives way to a flat soil-covered jungle surface, raising the possibility that the jungle is a buried reef flat behind the exposed edge.

    Raw transcript

    Interpretation note, the topography near the coastline is incredibly rugged. This could be modern erosion, but once you get up into the jungle, it's extremely flat. So one thing that might be possible is that we're actually looking at the edge of the reflat and the jungle itself is the reflat, but we can't really see it because it's buried in soil.

    Whisper fixes

    Interpretation note, the topography near the coastline is incredibly rugged. This could be modern erosion, but once you get up into the jungle, it's extremely flat. So one thing that might be possible is that we're actually looking at the edge of the reflat and the jungle itself is the reflat, but we can't really see it because it's buried in soil.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/027_20260527_1018_may_27_at_10-18_am_6e4b3b24.txt

  12. 12
    10:55 HS103 drone flightHS103 drone flight used about 75 percent of one battery.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 drone flight took about 75% of the battery just finished.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 drone flight took about 75% of the battery just finished.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/026_20260527_1055_may_27_at_10-55_am_e11f9aee.txt

  13. 13
    10:56 Burrowed crossbeds above coralBurrowed cross-beds are exposed directly above coral-rich framework, marking the sand/coral contact targeted for stratigraphy.

    Raw transcript

    Really stunning view of burrowed crossbed sitting on top of mountains of coral. Just really well exposed here.

    Whisper fixes

    Really stunning view of burrowed crossbed sitting on top of mountains of coral. Just really well exposed here.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/025_20260527_1056_may_27_at_10-56_am_631b806b.txt

    10:56 Olympus TG-5
    10:56 Olympus TG-5
    10:57 Olympus TG-5
  14. 14
    11:01 HS103 GCP8HS103 GCP8 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 GCP8.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 GCP8.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/024_20260527_1101_may_27_at_11-01_am_ffb2a828.txt

  15. 15
    11:03 HS103 brain coral candidatePotential HS103 brain coral sample, possibly not in growth position, still needs a sample letter.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 brain coral sample potentially not in growth position does not yet have a letter.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 brain coral sample potentially not in growth position does not yet have a letter.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/023_20260527_1103_may_27_at_11-03_am_4782ab5f.txt

  16. 16
    11:04 HS103 GCP4HS103 GCP4 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 GCP4.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 GCP4.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/021_20260527_1104_may_27_at_11-04_am_ad37b950.txt

  17. 17
    11:04 HS103 GCP7HS103 GCP7 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 GCP7.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 GCP7.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/022_20260527_1104_may_27_at_11-04_am_911125da.txt

  18. 18
    11:06 HS103 green coral sample checkPossible green coral sample at HS103; bag was missing and should be checked with the team before recording as collected.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 green coral sample potentially. I think I saw people working here clearly examples but removed the bag is gone. Check with others.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 green coral sample potentially. I think I saw people working here clearly examples but removed the bag is gone. Check with others.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/020_20260527_1106_may_27_at_11-06_am_6dfc11ea.txt

  19. 19
    11:08 HS103 unknown sample DFirst unknown HS103 sample assigned D.

    Raw transcript

    First unknown sample at HS103 will be D as in dog.

    Whisper fixes

    First unknown sample at HS103 will be D as in dog.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/018_20260527_1108_may_27_at_11-08_am_473afac2.txt

  20. 20
    11:08 HS103 sample BStanding at HS103 sample B.

    Raw transcript

    Standing at HS103 sample B.

    Whisper fixes

    Standing at HS103 sample B.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/019_20260527_1108_may_27_at_11-08_am_6fddc8eb.txt

  21. 21
    11:12 HS103 GCP3HS103 GCP3 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 GCP3.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 GCP3.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/017_20260527_1112_may_27_at_11-12_am_1909f599.txt

  22. 22
    11:13 HS103 sample CHS103 sample C field mark, noted as varieties.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 sample C, varieties.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 sample C, varieties.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/016_20260527_1113_may_27_at_11-13_am_dadaebdf.txt

  23. 23
    11:15 HS103 unknown sample BSecond unknown HS103 sample assigned B.

    Raw transcript

    Second unknown sample was B.

    Whisper fixes

    Second unknown sample was B.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/014_20260527_1115_may_27_at_11-15_am_9add3c7d.txt

  24. 24
    11:15 HS103 GCP5HS103 GCP5 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS103 GCP5.

    Whisper fixes

    HS103 GCP5.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/015_20260527_1115_may_27_at_11-15_am_53523562.txt

  25. 25
    12:51 HS104 Tangaroa fresh wallRecently excavated Tangaroa/harbor wall is a preservation experiment: fresh cuts obscure some coral textures but reveal worms, clams, and encrusted zones for photogrammetry comparison.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 is Tangeroa, or the harbor. One of the walls was excavated only two years ago. This was a really nice natural experiment in preservation. Preparing this wall to the older walls, the way that the corals and organisms that have encrusted and colonized the corals. The way that they look and show up in the algorithms can be different. The fresh faces in some ways are actually harder to see. Sort of coral textures and coral lights, but it's easier to see things like Christmas tree worms, giant clouds, and crusty places.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 is Tangeroa, or the harbor. One of the walls was excavated only two years ago. This was a really nice natural experiment in preservation. Preparing this wall to the older walls, the way that the corals and organisms that have encrusted and colonized the corals. The way that they look and show up in the algorithms can be different. The fresh faces in some ways are actually harder to see. Sort of coral textures and Removed: coral lights, Added: corallites, but it's easier to see things like Christmas tree worms, giant clouds, and crusty places.

    Added words Removed words

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/013_20260527_1251_may_27_at_12-51_pm_bbfe1093.txt

    12:50 Olympus TG-5
    12:51 Olympus TG-5
    12:51 Olympus TG-5
  26. 26
    12:54 HS104 encruster coherenceEncrusters at HS104 follow non-horizontal to vertical horizons for meters, implying coherent reef fabric rather than loose breccia.

    Raw transcript

    Of fresh? Sitting on top of patches of sand? Direction of the coral fragments. Really looks like a mess. Hard to tell how much it is. It's all kind of connected enough that you can't be just a pile of. Um, the encrusters extend along Horizons, not flat Horizons, but? This is my vertical Horizons for many meters, suggesting that there's some coherence to the entire. System and above the encrusters. There are these delicates or ring coral and algae. Um, and then pour sound.

    Whisper fixes

    Of fresh? Sitting on top of patches of sand? Direction of the coral fragments. Really looks like a mess. Hard to tell how much it is. It's all kind of connected enough that you can't be just a pile of. Um, the encrusters extend along Horizons, not flat Horizons, but? This is my vertical Horizons for many meters, suggesting that there's some coherence to the entire. System and above the encrusters. There are these delicates or ring Removed: coral and Added: coralline algae. Um, and then pour sound.

    Added words Removed words

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/012_20260527_1254_may_27_at_12-54_pm_d394d395.txt

    12:54 Olympus TG-5
  27. 27
    12:58 HS104 fresh rubble exposureLower HS104 has large, high-diversity coral colonies; the upper jumbled rubble is cemented with delicate algae/small corals and resembles HS103 but is less sandy.

    Raw transcript

    HS104. The lower part of the outcrop definitely has more large Coral colonies, likely all of them institute high Coral diversity. The upper part, which looks like the jumbleness. My vision or my conversation is actually at any point in time. This was a hard surface. A piece of rubble falls off or gets trapped here and pretty quickly. Razors and encrusters different organs. It's kind of cemented in place and the reason I'm saying, that is, I actually see lots of delicate algal material and. Very small, delicate corals seem to just be part of this jumble without getting fractured or fragmented. So, if I have a couple meters of accumulation, you know, maybe adjacent to higher parts of the reef or just sitting on top of? A happy part of these have died out here. There are some larger corals in this upper part. Um, sometimes up to a meter or two across. But they're less common than down below where it's almost the entire outcrop. It's very likely this is exactly what we were looking at over at HS103. But. The fresh face, let's see. It's sort of in a new way. It's not the same sort of sand layers we saw in HS103, so it's a little less Sandy.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104. The lower part of the outcrop definitely has more large Coral colonies, likely all of them institute high Coral diversity. The upper part, which looks like the jumbleness. My vision or my conversation is actually at any point in time. This was a hard surface. A piece of rubble falls off or gets trapped here and pretty quickly. Razors and encrusters different organs. It's kind of cemented in place and the reason I'm saying, that is, I actually see lots of delicate algal material and. Very small, delicate corals seem to just be part of this jumble without getting fractured or fragmented. So, if I have a couple meters of accumulation, you know, maybe adjacent to higher parts of the reef or just sitting on top of? A happy part of these have died out here. There are some larger corals in this upper part. Um, sometimes up to a meter or two across. But they're less common than down below where it's almost the entire outcrop. It's very likely this is exactly what we were looking at over at HS103. But. The fresh face, let's see. It's sort of in a new way. It's not the same sort of sand layers we saw in HS103, so it's a little less Sandy.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/011_20260527_1258_may_27_at_12-58_pm_f0950b49.txt

  28. 28
    13:36 HS104 harbor drone scaleHS104 harbor drone flight lacked a ruler, so model scale must rely on surveyed drone/GCP points.

    Raw transcript

    HS104, the harbor. I flew the drone without the ruler out. So we just have to rely on the scale of the drone points.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104, the harbor. I flew the drone without the ruler out. So we just have to rely on the scale of the drone points.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/009_20260527_1336_may_27_at_1-36_pm_3cd79184.txt

  29. 29
    13:36 HS104 sample BHS104B sample/location field mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS-104B.

    Whisper fixes

    HS-104B.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/010_20260527_1336_may_27_at_1-36_pm_d8534c62.txt

  30. 30
    13:37 HS104 GCP5HS104 GCP5 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 GCP5.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 GCP5.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/007_20260527_1337_may_27_at_1-37_pm_71f7af77.txt

  31. 31
    13:37 HS104 GCP5 repeatRepeat field mark for HS104 GCP5.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 GCP5.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 GCP5.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/008_20260527_1337_may_27_at_1-37_pm_540a1a59.txt

  32. 32
    13:39 HS104 sample DHS104 sample D field mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 sample D.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 sample D.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/006_20260527_1339_may_27_at_1-39_pm_c3046d4b.txt

  33. 33
    13:40 HS104 GCP7HS104 GCP7 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 GCP7.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 GCP7.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/005_20260527_1340_may_27_at_1-40_pm_eaafbb1c.txt

  34. 34
    13:41 HS104 GCP8 repeatRepeat field mark for HS104 GCP8.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 GCP8.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 GCP8.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/003_20260527_1341_may_27_at_1-41_pm_5599a46b.txt

  35. 35
    13:41 HS104 GCP8HS104 GCP8 control mark.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 GCP8.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 GCP8.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/004_20260527_1341_may_27_at_1-41_pm_d9720fa1.txt

  36. 36
    13:43 HS104 GCP markHS104 GCP control mark without a numbered label.

    Raw transcript

    HS104 GCP.

    Whisper fixes

    HS104 GCP.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/002_20260527_1343_may_27_at_1-43_pm_0c3d1c19.txt

  37. 37
    15:31 Inland Makatea recrystallized coralHigher inland Makatea still contains coral/shell fragments and visible corallites, but it is heavily recrystallized and lacks an obvious notch tying it to the lower coastal units.

    Raw transcript

    The Makatea higher in the jungle, so inland. Still clearly is marine, they're coral fragments. It's so weathered that it's really hard to see much, but when you break open pieces you can see that there are shells and corals and maybe some sand. It's so heavily recrystallized that on the inside you mostly just see crystals. But if you really look closely at the weathered surface and a few places you can see corallites sort of standing out. There's no obvious notch or sort of feature on the front end of this higher Makatea to suggest that what the relationship is with the units that we've been studying closer to the coast.

    Whisper fixes

    The Makatea higher in the jungle, so inland. Still clearly is marine, they're coral fragments. It's so weathered that it's really hard to see much, but when you break open pieces you can see that there are shells and corals and maybe some sand. It's so heavily recrystallized that on the inside you mostly just see crystals. But if you really look closely at the weathered surface and a few places you can see corallites sort of standing out. There's no obvious notch or sort of feature on the front end of this higher Makatea to suggest that what the relationship is with the units that we've been studying closer to the coast.

    No word-level changes detected.

    Transcript: raw_field/google_recorder/001_20260527_1531_may_27_at_3-31_pm_8847278d.txt

    15:30 Olympus TG-5

Local tide gauge 09:17

+0.000 m
Atiu Tide-Gauge Datum